12. The Lamps Are Going Out

"The lamps are going out all over Europe; we shall not see them lit again in our lifetime."

Portraits of the Players in the July Crisis.

Sources:

Clark, Christopher. The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914. New York: Harper Collins, 2012.

Fischer, Fritz. Germany’s Aims in the First World War. English Translation: London: W.W. Norton & Company, 1967 (originally published in German, 1961).

Grey, Sir Edward. Twenty-Five Years: 1892-1916, Vol. 1. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1925.

Keiger, J.F.V. Raymond Poincaré.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Lichnowsky, Karl Max. My Mission to London: 1912-1914. New York: George H. Doran Company. 1916.

Macmillan, Margaret. The War that Ended Peace. New York: Random House, 2013.

Neiberg, Michael. Dance of the Furies: Europe and the Outbreak of World War I. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2011.

Otte, Thomas G. The July Crisis: The World’s Descent into War, Summer 1914. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

Primary Documents: Austrian Ultimatum to Serbia, 23 July, 1914. https://www.firstworldwar.com/source/austrianultimatum.htm

The Willy-Nicky Telegrams. https://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/The_Willy-Nicky_Telegrams

Tsouras, Peter. The Kaiser’s Question: 1914. History Net. https://www.historynet.com/kaisers-question-1914.htm